It was of particular interest to the German Expressionists including Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , and it continues to be relevant today — artists such as Donald Judd , Damien Hirst and Helen Frankenthaler have all used it. Although printmaking involves reproducing an image, a print is more than just a copy of an original. Fine art prints are something else entirely, resulting from a close collaboration between the artist and the print studio.
Printers — the people who work with the artist to produce an edition — are highly skilled technicians, and are often artists in their own right. Philip Guston , Gemini G. Set 1 , The complete set of eight lithographs.
Prints are not made in large production runs intended solely for commercial sale. A limited number known as an edition are produced, with prescribed routes for initial sale — either through the artist, a commercial gallery or a publisher. As a result they are true works of art, and as important to the artist as drawings or other works on paper.
Artists make prints for a variety of reasons. Lucian Freud would create etchings only in black and white following his days in the painting studio, while Ellsworth Kelly applied the same fastidious understanding of colour and form to his editioned work. Some artists consistently make prints for their entire career — Jasper Johns and Pablo Picasso are famously prolific examples —while others come to printmaking in bursts of activity, such as Barnett Newman.
Typically these periods can be aligned to working with a particular print workshop. Here again, fractions may be used to indicate the total number of proofs, and the print number e. Other proofs may be made at an earlier stage, as the artist and printer develop an image or test different compositions.
These are known as state proofs, trial proofs or colour proofs. These can be unique, with differences in colour combinations, paper types or size. When the image is perfected, a proof is made and signed B. The rest of the edition is matched to this image, which is unique and traditionally kept by the printer. Our catalogue entries will always explain how we have reached the conclusion that a print is an authentic original.
Finally, we indicate how the work is numbered, and whether it is from the standard edition or a proof. A sign of a true print specialist is not only their interest in technique but also their obsession with paper.
The choice of paper is an important part of the printmaking process because it can directly influence the nature of what the printed image looks like. Johns is famous for having pushed for higher quality, heavier paper for his prints, while Warhol loved cheaper, thinner paper for his Soup Can prints from the s to emphasise that they were meant to be enjoyed by the masses. Our condition report also notes whether an item is the full sheet or with full margins, which means that the paper has not been trimmed in some fashion, itself an issue that affects the value.
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